Clinical Importance of FNDC-5 and Selectin-E mRNA Expression Among Type 2 Diabetics with and without Obesity

Abstract

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing illnesses associated with metabolic dysregulation such as obesity affecting a large population become leading causes of death worldwide. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) and selectin-E were suggested to have effects on metabolism and diabetes, therefore present study aimed to evaluate the clinical importance of FNDC-5 and selectin-E among the T2DM patients with and without obesity.

Methods

Study included cohort of 200 T2DM patients with and without obesity. We evaluated FNDC-5, selectin-E mRNA expression as well as vitamin-D, and vitamin-B12 levels in among the T2DM patients with and without obesity.

Results

Study observed significant difference in biochemical parameters included in study. T2DM patients with obesity had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels (p<0.0001) and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) (p<0.0001) compared to those T2DM patients without obesity. T2DM patients with obesity also had higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), LDL (low density lipoprotein) (p=0.02), TG (triglycerides) (p=0.02) and cholesterol (p=0.01) compared to T2DM patients without obesity. The mRNA expression of FNDC-5 (p<0.0001) was lower in T2DM patients with obesity compared to T2DM patients without obesity. It was observed that the T2DM patients with vitamin-D deficiency had significantly lower FNDC-5 mRNA expression (p=0.03) when compared with those with sufficient vitamin-D level. T2DM patients with clinically normal vitamin-B12 level expressed 0.60 fold FNDC-5 mRNA expression while B12 deficient T2DM patients had 0.28 fold FNDC-5 mRNA expression (p=0.005). No as such significant association was was observed with selectin-E. A negative correlation of FNDC-5 mRNA expression with Post prandial glucose (mg/dl) (p=0.04) and TG (mg/dl) (p=0.02) was observed.

Conclusion

FNDC-5 down regulation was observed with T2DM with obesity, vitamin-D and vitamin-B12 deficiency suggesting obesity, vitamin-D and vitamin-B12 deficiency could be the factor for FNDC-5 down-regulation leading to worseness or progression of disease. We suggest that FNDC-5 down-regulation could be used as an indicator for T2DM worseness and development of other associated complications.

Keywords:

• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• obesity
• FNDC-5
• selectin-E
• mRNA
• expression

Data Sharing Statement

We confirm that the data used during the research will not be shared with anybody/broadcasted in any public domain. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Ethics and Informed Consent

This research study was ethically approved (12/9/176/JMI/IEC/2018) by the ethical committee board, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India and all participants gave their written informed consent before the study began, and all the ethical principles regarding human experimentation were followed and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Acknowledgment

The authors Irfan Ahmad grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, for monetarily support to this work through a Small Research Group Project under grant number (R.G.P.1/48/42).

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.