Change in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Exercise Training – The Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle Study (BALL ST)

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate how the changes in directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) relate to the changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status following 4–6 months of exercise training.

Methods

Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) tests and MetS risk factors were analyzed prospectively from 336 adults (46% women) aged 45.8 ± 10.9 years. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, as updated by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). Pearson correlations, chi-squares, and dependent 2-tail t-tests were used to assess the relationship between the change in CRF and the change in MetS risk factors, overall number of MetS risk factors, and a MetS severity score following 4–6 months of participation in a self-referred, community-based exercise program.

Results

Overall prevalence of MetS decreased from 23% to 14% following the exercise program (P < 0.05), while CRF improved 15% (4.7 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min, P < 0.05). Following exercise training, the number of positive risk factors declined from 1.4 ± 1.3 to 1.2 ± 1.2 in the overall cohort (P < 0.05). The change in CRF was inversely related to the change in the overall number of MetS risk factors (r = −0.22; P < 0.05) and the MetS severity score (r = −0.28; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This observational cohort study indicates an inverse relationship between the change in CRF and the change in MetS severity following exercise training. These results suggest that participation in a community-based exercise program yields significant improvements in CRF, MetS risk factors, the prevalence of the binary MetS, and the MetS severity score. Improvement in CRF through exercise training should be a primary prevention strategy for MetS.

Keywords:

• cardiorespiratory fitness
• metabolic syndrome
• exercise training
• abdominal obesity

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.