https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-7499
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Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 DM has a strong hereditary background. A study of the dermatoglyphic features can help in the early identification of people with a genetic predisposition to develop type 2 DM.
Purpose of the Study
The study was aimed to compare the finger and palmar dermatoglyphics features in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to evaluate the association with other variables.
Patients and Materials
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in one referral hospital and three primary hospitals located in Gedeo Zone. Three hundred ninety study participants (130 type 2 diabetics and 260 non-diabetics) from adult OPD and diabetic clinics were included in the study. The association among different dermatoglyphics variables was analyzed using the chi-square test. An independent t-test was conducted to analyze the mean difference and to test the significance of numerical variables. A statistically significant association was declared at P-value <0.05.
Results
In the present study, a total of 3900 digits (1300 from type 2 diabetic and 2600 non-diabetic) were analyzed for distribution of digital dermatoglyphic patterns. Loop pattern is found to be the commonest in both study groups with a prevalence of 65.8% and 60.7% among type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics, respectively. Both the right-left axial tri-radius angle was significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared to non-diabetic study participants. Total finger ridge counts and absolute finger ridge counts showed no significant difference in both groups.
Conclusion
The study revealed Loop pattern was more frequent in type 2 DM compared to non-diabetic study participants. Whorl type was more common than arch type in non-diabetic patients compared to type 2 DM groups. The result also showed tri-radius angle is significantly wider in diabetic groups in both hands.
Abbreviations
AFRC, absolute finger ridge count; DM, diabetes mellitus; FRC, finger ridge count; FBS, fasting blood sugar; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; RBS, random blood sugar; TFRC, total finger ridge count; SD, standard deviation.
Data Sharing Statement
The datasets used and analysed in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Ethical Approval and Informed Consent
This study was carried out after obtaining ethical approval from Arba Minch University, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Institutional Research Ethics Review Board (IRB/023/02/20.; Issue date: 26/11/2020). To ensure confidentiality, it was the anonymous type whereby names of the study subjects were not written on the questionnaire. Written consent from the study participants was obtained after they were briefed about the research intent and asked for their willingness to participate in the study. Their right of denial to participate in the study was also assured. This study was conducted per the declaration of Helsinki.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge Arba Minch University, study participants, data collectors, supervisors, Dilla University Referral Hospital, Bule primary Hospital, Yirgachefe primary, and Gedeb primary Hospital for their cooperation.
Author Contributions
All authors made substantial contributions to conception and design; execution and acquisition of data; analysis and interpretation of data; took part in drafting the manuscript and revising it critically for important intellectual content; agreed to submit to the current journal; gave final approval of the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work.