Estimation of the depth of the thoracic epidural space in children using magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

Background

The estimation of the distance from the skin to the thoracic epidural space or skin to epidural depth (SED) may increase the success rate and decrease the incidence of complications during placement of a thoracic epidural catheter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most comprehensive imaging modality of the spine, allowing for the accurate determination of tissue spaces and distances. The present study uses MRI-derived measurements to measure the SED and define the ratio between the straight and inclined SEDs at two thoracic levels (T_6–7 and T_9–10) in children.

Methods

The T₂-weighed sagittal MRI images of 109 children, ranging in age from 1 month to 8 years, undergoing radiological evaluation unrelated to spine pathology were assessed. The SEDs (inclined and straight) were determined, and a comparison between the SEDs at two thoracic levels (T_6–7 and T_9–10) was made. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the relationship of the inclined thoracic T_6–7 and T_9–10 SED measurements with age, height, and weight.

Results

Body weight demonstrated a stronger association with the SED than did the age or height with R² values of 0.6 for T_6–7 and 0.5 for T_9–10. The formulae describing the relationship between the weight and the inclined SED were T_6–7 inclined (mm) = 7 + 0.9 × kg and T_9–10 inclined (mm) = 7 + 0.8 × kg.

Conclusion

The depth of the pediatric thoracic epidural space shows a stronger correlation with weight than with age or height. Based on the MRI data, the predictive weight-based formulas can serve as guide to clinicians for placement of thoracic epidural catheters.

Keywords:

• thoracic epidural space
• magnetic resonance imaging
• measurement techniques

Acknowledgments

This investigation was performed without funding.

Author contributions

All authors contributed toward data analysis, drafting and critically revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.