Pain aversion and anxiety-like behavior occur at different times during the course of chronic inflammatory pain in rats

Abstract

Pain is considered a multidimensional conscious experience that includes a sensory component and a negative affective-motivational component. The negative affective-motivational component of pain is different from the sensory component and amplifies the pain experience. Nowadays, a significant number of preclinical research groups have focused their attention on the affective symptoms of pain. In the present study, we investigated the pain aversion and anxiety-like behavior of the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic pain model. CFA rats experienced spontaneous pain during pain-paired conditioning (pain aversion) and spontaneous pain produces an affective response (anxiety-like behavior). Moreover, pain aversion was gradually attenuated, while the anxiety-like behavior increased in 4 weeks. Therefore, although the negative effect (including pain aversion and anxiety) is always associated with hyperalgesia, the manifestations of negative effect may follow different time courses, which may influence the progress of primary disease. The findings illustrate that targeted therapy should focus on a specific aspect in different stages of pain. Our study emphasizes the necessity of using multiple tests to study pain comorbidities.

Keywords:

• pain
• pain aversion
• pain affection
• anxiety-like behavior
• chronic inflammatory pain
• rat

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603691) and the Medicine and Health Science and Technology Plan projects of Zhejiang province (2017183595). This manuscript has been edited and proofread by Nature Publishing Group Language Editing.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.