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Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment is one of the common concomitant symptoms of depression. The aims of the present study were to predict the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with depression.
Methods
In this study, 217 patients with depression were recruited. Demographic data, serum indices and ERP indices from all participants were collected in the baseline period. The participants were followed for one year, and data from 200 patients were included in final analysis. Patients with depression were divided into those with MCI group (DWM group; n=145) and those without MCI (DWOM group; n=55). Data from the DWM group and the DWOM group were used to construct a logistic regression model, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. Another 72 patients were used to validate the accuracy of our model.
Results
Compared with DWOM individuals, DWM individuals were more likely to live alone (P<0.05), had lower baseline serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) (P<0.05), and exhibited higher baseline latencies of P300, mismatch negativity (MMN), and N200 (P<0.05). Baseline serum BDNF and FGF22 levels, along with the P300 latency, were selected to construct the regression model using logistic regression. The regression equation was , and the combination of the 3 indices yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.790 and a predictive accuracy of 0.806.
Conclusion
The logistic regression model and ROC curves based on serum BDNF and FGF22 levels and the P300 latency could provide a more effective means to predict the occurrence of MCI in patients with depression.
Abbreviations
AD, Alzheimer disease; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2; FGF7, fibroblast growth factor 7; FGF22, fibroblast growth factor 22; EEG, electroencephalography; ERP, event-related potential; MMN, mismatch negative; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ns, non-significant.
Ethics Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University in Zhenjiang, China (Approval Number: SWYXLL20210401). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank all patients, their families, and the investigators who participated in this study.
Author Contributions
All the authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.