Evaluation of pain relief treatment and timelines in emergency care in six European countries and Australia

Abstract

Purpose

Inadequate relief of pain is common in prehospital and hospital emergency department (ED) settings. We investigated pain treatments and timelines in patients receiving pre-hospital and hospital ED care to provide insight into potential approaches to reduce the burden of trauma-related pain.

Patients and methods

In this observational, retrospective chart review, patients had received emergency care for musculoskeletal trauma injuries and analgesic treatment for moderate-to-severe pain in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain or Sweden. As inhaled low-dose methoxyflurane (LDM) is used extensively in Australia but was not widely available in Europe at the time of this analysis, data from Australia were collated to provide insight into the potential utility of this analgesic in Europe. The primary endpoint was time to administration of first pain relief treatment following arrival of paramedic/ED care.

Results

Randomly selected physicians (n=189) collated data from 856 patients (Europe: n=585; Australia: n=271) via an online survey. Time to first pain relief treatment varied between countries and was significantly longer across Europe versus Australia (mean [SD] 38.1 [34.7] vs 29.9 [35.5] mins; P=0.0017). Patients from Australia who received LDM experience a shorter mean (SD) time to first pain treatment following arrival of emergency care versus patients who received other analgesics (propensity score matched [n=85] per group: 21.7 [24.2] vs 39.1 [43.0] mins; P=0.0013). Across all countries, mean (SD) time to first analgesic was shorter when treatment was administered by paramedics versus hospital ED staff (15.7 [14.7] vs 49.1 [38.4] mins).

Conclusions

While there was a large variation in analgesia timelines across countries, mean times are shorter in Australia compared with Europe overall. In Australia, use of LDM was associated with a significantly shorter time from emergency assistance to first pain treatment compared with non-LDM treatments. Further studies are needed to investigate the utility of LDM in Europe.

Keywords:

• methoxyflurane
• pain management
• ambulance
• retrospective study
• emergency medical service
• analgesia

Data availability

Proposals for data access should be sent to the corresponding author.

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Louise Hegarty for help with developing charts and figures. Medical writing support was provided by Siân Marshall of SIANTIFIX Ltd., Cambridgeshire, UK. Mundipharma International Ltd. funded this research. Mundibiopharma Ltd. funded medical writing support for the development of this manuscript.

Disclosure

Andrew D Xia was an employee at Mundipharma International Ltd. at the time this study was conducted and is now a consultant to Mundibiopharma Ltd. Sara L Dickerson is an employee of Mundibiopharma Ltd. Mika Nokela, Sam Colman and Agota Szende are employees of Covance Market Access Inc., providing research contracted by Mundipharma. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.