CCDC103 as a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated with Tumor Progression and Immune Infiltration in Glioma

Abstract

Background

The Coiled-coil domain-containing proteins (CCDCs) are expressed in many cancers, but the role of Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 (CCDC103) in cancers remains unclear. Further investigations are necessary to ascertain its diagnostic significance and understand its biological function in cancers. This study aims to elucidate the biological functionalities of CCDC103 in glioma and evaluate the correlation between CCDC103 expression with glioma progression.

Methods

Clinical data on glioma patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The evaluation encompassed the examination of correlations between CCDC103 expression, pathological characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the analysis included the assessment of the correlations between CCDC103 expression and immune cell infiltration as well as glioma progression.

Results

Gliomas have higher levels of CCDC103 expression than the para-carcinoma tissues. Poorer prognosis, unfavorable histological characteristics, the absence of IDH gene mutations, and the absence of chromosome 1p and 19q deletions were all associated with higher expression of CCDC103 in gliomas. In addition to patient age, tumor grade, the absence of IDH mutations, and the absence of chromosome 1p and 19q deletions, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses showed that CCDC103 expression was independently prognostic of overall survival, disease-free survival, and progression-free survival in patients with glioma. Furthermore, tumor infiltration of B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells were all linked with elevated expression of CCDC103. High CCDC103 expression was linked to immune response-related signaling pathways and cell proliferation, according to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Notably, the knockdown of CCDC103 in glioma cell lines resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusion

The correlation between CCDC103 expression and both glioma progression and immune cell infiltration implies that CCDC103 expression holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker for glioma.

Keywords:

• glioma
• CCDC103
• prognosis
• biomarker
• immune infiltration

Data Sharing Statement

The GSE4290 was downloaded from The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We downloaded a uniformly standardized pan-cancer dataset from UCSC (https://xenabrowser.net/) database: TCGA TARGET GTEx (PANCAN,N=19131,G=60499), from which we further extracted the expression data of ENSG00000160446(CCDC103) gene in each sample.

Ethics Statement

The study adheres to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All human tumor tissues were obtained following the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University’s approved protocol, and informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Additional information

Funding

This work was subsidized by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (82160512) and the Kunming University of Science and Technology Medical Joint Special Project(- KUST-PE2022011Y). The authors would like to thank support from the second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China and The Pu’er Poople’s Hospital, 665000, China.