To What Extent Do Ecological Factors of Behavior Contribute to the Compliance of the Antenatal Care Program in Dumai City, Indonesia?

Abstract

Purpose

Maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still relatively high, at 305 per 100.000 live births (2015). Routine visit to antenatal care is the best way to reduce MMR. Inspite of this, the number of antenatal care visits among pregnant women is still low. This study aimed to measure the influence of behavioral ecological factors with the compliance of pregnant women to visit antenatal care.

Patients and Methods

Study population was pregnant women living in Dumai City, Indonesia. This study was a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional. We used the cluster system to select participants. A total of 369 subjects participated with a gestation age between >12 until 40 weeks. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using validated questioners. The analysis was done by bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test. Multivariate using multiple linear regression.

Results

This study showed that factors of the ecological model of behavior were related to antenatal care compliance (p value<0.05) with a coefficient correlation (0.330–0.569). Multivariate analysis showed that all variables associated significantly (adjusted R²; 0.104–0.311). Five variables were dominant; knowledge, cultural beliefs, family support, friend support, and health facilities with adjusted R²= 0.518.

Conclusion

Five factors in an ecological model of behavior, such as knowledge, cultural beliefs, family support, friend support, and health facilities, proportion (51,8%) of contributing to antenatal care compliance. We recommend a health district program to make services more accessible to pregnant women. Health education programs need to increase the knowledge of pregnant women and families to provide support in antenatal care compliance. Local governments shall improve antenatal care quality by mapping, planning, and evaluating this program.

Keywords:

• pregnant women
• behavior
• knowledge
• culture
• family support
• health facilities

Acknowledgments

We thank those who participated in this research. We appreciate pregnant women, the staff of District Health Officer, and public health workers of Dumai City for their corporation in facilitating our research.

Author Contributions

First authors contributed to data analysis and drafting. All authors revising the article, gave final approval of the version to be published, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

All authors have no conflict of interest related to conducting and reporting this study.