Smoking Cessation Beliefs Among Saudi University Students in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Introduction

Despite Saudi officials initiating a variety of smoking cessation programs, smoking in the country has not decreased. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with Saudi students’ beliefs about available smoking cessation interventions.

Methods

A cross-sectional, pre-tested, and validated paper-based survey was administered to a cohort from a university in the Qassim region. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted to explore the factors associated with the students’ beliefs regarding behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for smoking cessation.

Results

Out of 1158 surveys distributed, 958 responses were received (82.7% response rate). Students aged >23 years were more likely to believe in a behavioral intervention (marginal effect = 10.4%; 95% CI, 2.3%–18.6%). However, the respondents who indicated that they had smoked a hookah over the past 30 days were less likely to believe in either the pharmacotherapeutic (marginal effect = -7.9%; 95% CI, −15.6 to −0.3%) or the behavioral (marginal effect = -8.1%; 95% CI, −16.2% to −0.1%) interventions. Students who believed that the hookah was the same as or less harmful than cigarettes (marginal effect = −25.6%; 95% CI, −34.7% to −16.6%) and (marginal effect = −12.3%; 95% CI, −22.3% to −2.3%), respectively, were less likely to believe in pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Multiple logistic regression analyses found that hookah smokers with a willingness to quit smoking were more likely to believe in the effectiveness of cessation medications (marginal effect = 42.9%; 95% CI, 28.2%–57.6%) and behavioral interventions (marginal effect = 28.6%; 95% CI, 9.3%–48.0%).

Conclusion

This study found that smoking a hookah and its harmfulness were negatively associated with smoking cessation medications interventions. Regarding beliefs about behavioral interventions, while age was positively associated, hookah smoking and its harmfulness had a negative association. Willingness to quit smoking was positively associated with both medication and behavioral interventions.

Keywords:

• behavior
• college students
• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
• quitting smoking
• utilization of services

Acknowledgment

The researcher would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University for funding publication of this project.

Abbreviations

HBM, health belief model; TPB, theory of planned behavior.

Ethical Approval

The study was approved by the Subcommittee of Health Research Ethics at the Deanship of Scientific Research at Qassim University (number: 13518). Furthermore, this study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

Disclosure

The author reports no funding and no conflicts of interest in this work.