Pellicle and early dental plaque in periodontitis patients before and after surgical pocket elimination

Abstract

Objective. Gingival inflammation may affect the composition of the dental pellicle and initial acquisition of bacteria, which in turn could affect the healing of the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study was to examine the dental pellicle and early supragingival biofilms in periodontitis patients with an established subgingival infiltrate before and after surgical pocket elimination. Materials and methods. Eleven patients with remaining pockets were selected. Samples were taken before and after surgical pocket elimination and after subsequent experimental gingivitis. Pellicle proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and image analysis and 4-h supragingival plaque by culturing. Results. The inflammatory status affected to a greater extent the concentration of plasma proteins than salivary proteins in the dental pellicle. The highest plasma protein concentrations were observed at remaining periodontal pockets where also the highest bacterial counts were found. The TVC was reduced on the gingival tooth surfaces (p < 0.05) after pocket elimination and increased slightly during experimental gingivitis. The finding of streptococci was highest on the incisal tooth surfaces and increased after surgery. Gram-negative anaerobes were sparse but seen more often before than after pocket elimination and on gingival than on incisal surfaces. Conclusions. This study suggests that increased amounts of plasma proteins in the pellicle formed in the presence of remaining periodontal pockets may foster the acquisition of bacteria, including proteolytic Gram-negative species. This, in turn, results in an increased de novo plaque formation rate.

Key Words::

• plasma proteins
• dental biofilm
• periodontal pocket
• gingival crevicular fluid
• experimental gingivitis

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Swedish Dental Association, Patentmedelsfonden för Odontologisk Profylaxforskning and the County of Skåne (Project No. 697). The authors are indebted to Mrs Maj-Louise Fridh for making the plaque registrations.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.