Transduction pathways regulating the trophic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in rat intestinal mucosa

Abstract

Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast that is widely prescribed in lyophilized form; it determines several effects in human and rat small intestine including endoluminal secretion of enzymes and of polyamines, stimulation of microvillous enzymes, of sIgA, increased production of the receptor for polymeric immunoglobulins by crypt cells, and enhanced d-glucose uptake. Aim. The objective of this study was to determine the pathway(s) by which these effects generated by the yeast are transduced into mucosal cells. Methods. Litters of six growing Wistar rats each were treated with S. boulardii (50 μg/gram body weight) or with saline between days 30 and 34 postpartum. For each animal, the cytosol was prepared from the whole mucosa after the fat cake was discarded. Several known intestinal substrates were immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted using specific antibodies recognizing the non-, mono-, or diphosphorylated forms of these substrates. The signals were detected using Echochemiluminoscence (ECL) and were measured by optodensitometry. Results. Treatment with S. boulardii markedly enhanced the RAS-GAP-RAF-ERK_1,2 pathway with participation of growth receptor bound 2 protein, SHC, SOS, and CRKII. Unit p85α of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, tested in its phosphorylated form, was also enhanced by the probiotic compared to control samples. In rats treated with an inhibitor of RAF-1 and of ERK_1,2 (PD098059) the expression of mucosal disaccharidases was inhibited by about 50%. Conclusion. The probiotic S. boulardii generates in vivo mitogen and metabolic signals that are transduced into intestinal mucosal cells, downstream from the apical membrane to the nuclei, using recruitment substrates and serine, threonine, or tyrosine kinases.

Key Words::

• d-Glucose uptake
• disaccharidases
• polyamines
• probiotic
• Saccharomyces boulardii
• transduction pathways

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Bernard Hublot and Paul Bernasconi from Laboratoires Biocodex, Gentilly, France, for financial support of this research project and for helpful comments on the manuscript. Christiane Neefs is thanked for her excellent secretarial work.

Disclosure of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.