The Current Role of Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Clinical Practice

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is probably the commonest bacterial infection worldwide and is now accepted as the cause of chronic active type B gastritis. It is increasingly accepted as having a critical role in duodenal ulcer, where the prevalence of infection is 90 to 100%. More important is the dramatic reduction in duodenal ulcer recurrence after successful eradication of the organism to about 4% in a year compared to recurrences of up to 80% in those whose ulcers have been healed but in whom the infection persists. There is increasing evidence that what is now clear for duodenal ulcers may also hold true for patients with a gastric ulcer who are infected with H. pylori. Moreover, evidence is accumulating that the risk of a duodenal ulcer complication, such as, bleeding, is reduced following successful eradication of H. pylori. The treatment of duodenal ulcer patients with H. pylori eradication treatment has been advocated by an international working party who met first in Sydney at the 1990 World Congress and subsequently in Athens during the First European Gastroenterology Week. The most recent recommendation suggests that the infection should be treated in any duodenal ulcer patient after the first recurrence, and that a triple therapy regimen or a proton pump inhibitor combined with either amoxicillin or clarithromycin may be prescribed. The combination of a proton pump inhibitor and an antibiotic can eradicate H. pylori in over 80% of cases and simultaneously offers the advantage of rapid symptom relief and the highest rates of duodenal ulcer healing. However, the exact dose, timing and combinations need to be clearly established. At this time it is reasonable to consider all patients with duodenal ulcer for eradication of H. pylori and no patient should be considered for elective surgery without first being offered eradication therapy.

Key Words:

• Amoxicillin
• bismuth
• clarithromycin
• duodenal ulcer
• gastric ulcer
• Helicobacter pylori
• proton pump inhibitors
• treatment
• triple therapy