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Abstract
A case of fatal encephalitis in a 9-year-old girl is described. Serology showed high titre antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In addition M. pneumoniae was detected in cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Direct invasion of the central nervous system as opposed to a secondary immunologic reaction to a M. pneumoniae infection of the respiratcry tract in the pathogenesis of encephalitis is discussed.