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Abstract
Background: Opioids influence bone metabolism in several ways and osteoporosis associated with the long-term use of opioids is believed to be multifactorial. Objectives: To investigate the effect of opioid dependence on conventional and novel biochemical parameters of bone metabolism. To evaluate whether the concomitant HCV infection affects these parameters. Methods: Fifty-nine opioid-dependent subjects and 23 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Parameters of bone metabolism were determined in serum. The determined parameters were procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), serum Beta-Crosslaps Ι (β-CTX), total calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), parathormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme (ALP). Results: The results of our study show that opioid-dependent subjects exhibit higher values in those biochemical markers that are indicative of increased osteoclast activity, such as β-CTX and ALP, compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, in opioid-dependent subjects the values of PTH were lower, while those of PINP were higher, in comparison to healthy individuals. No significant difference in the studied parameters was found when opioid-dependent subjects positive for anti-HCV antibodies were compared with opioid-dependent subjects negative for anti-HCV antibodies. Conclusion: Our findings show that there is increased bone turnover (bone metabolism) in opioid-dependent subjects, compared to healthy individuals. Future research on bone mineral density in these patients will help us evaluate whether the bone remodeling process is balanced or not.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this paper.