Acoustic Neuroma Surgery: Results of translabyrinthine tumour removal in 300 patients. Discussion of choice of approach in relation to overall results and possibility of hearing preservation

Abstract

The results from the Danish model of acoustic neuroma surgery are presented. In the period from 1976 to 1985, 300 patients with acoustic neuromas were operated upon using the translabyrinthine procedure. Only one small intrameatal tumour was encountered; 96 tumours were medium sized and 203 were larger than 25 mm. Of these 118 measured more than 40 mm. Mortality rate was 2%, CSF leaks occurred in 11%, and had to be closed surgically in 5%. Facial nerve function was postoperatively normal in 66%, slightly reduced in 17%, moderately reduced in 8% and abolished in 9%. Reconstruction, most often as a XII-VII anastomosis, was performed in only 6% of the patients. Cerebellar symptoms, which occurred in 45% preoperatively were present in only 7% after surgery.

The preoperative hearing in both the tumour and non-tumour ear was analysed in 72 patients with tumours smaller than 2 cm. In the tumour ear, only four patients had a PTA of 0-20 dB and SDS of 81-100%; eight patients had a PTA of 0-40 dB and SDS of 61-100%; 14 had a PTA of 0-50 dB and SDS of 51-100%. This means that only a maximum of 5% of the patients, using the broadest criteria, could be candidates for hearing-conserving surgery. In all these patients the contralateral ear had hearing within normal limits (PTA 0-20 dB and SDS 95-100%). Since preservation of hearing would be achieved in only half of those subjected to suboccipital removal and since the hearing retained in patients with successful operations generally is poorer than the preoperative level, the number of patients obtaining serviceable hearing is so modest that preservation of hearing cannot be considered a valid argument in favour of suboccipital tumour removal. From a statistical point of view the risk of losing hearing in the opposite ear after tumour removal is negligible. The general morbidity after suboccipital surgery is higher than after translabyrinthine surgery, and hearing loss must be listed low among the other sequelae after tumour removal.

Key Words:

• Acoustic neuroma
• translabyrinthine surgery