Associations between disability and employment 1 year after traumatic brain injury in a working age population

Abstract

Objective: To investigate associations between disability and employment 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a conceptual model.

Design and methods: A prospective study including 93 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI (aged 16–55 year). Disability components of the ICF model (impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions) and personal factors (age, gender, pre-injury employment status) were used as independent variables. The outcome measure was employment at 1 year post-injury categorized into unemployed and employed groups.

Results: Personal factors, impairments (brain injury severity, overall trauma severity and number of impaired body functions) and activity limitations (motor and cognitive abilities) accounted for 57% of the variance in employment outcome. Multivariate analyses showed that the probabilities of being employed 1 year post-injury were 95% lower for patients who were unemployed pre-injury (OR = 0.05), 74% lower for those with more severe brain injury (OR = 0.26) and 82% lower for those with more cognitive limitations (OR = 0.18).

Conclusion: Rehabilitation professionals should take into account the importance of the ICF model when planning vocational rehabilitation interventions for individuals with TBI and focus on targeting modifiable aspects related to employment outcome, such as the individual's cognitive ability.

• Traumatic brain injury
• ICF
• disability
• employment
• outcome

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all the patients for their participation. Special thanks are given to Tone Jerstad (Neuroradiologist, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval) for the CT assessments and Morten Hestnes (Trauma Register, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval) for the extraction of trauma scores. This study was supported by grants from the Norwegian Health South-East Authority.

Declaration of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.