Gender Disparities in Ocular Inflammatory Disorders*

Hatice Nida SenNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Correspondence[email protected]

Janet DavisBascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA,

Didar UcarNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, ;Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey, and

Austin FoxNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,

Chi Chao ChanNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,

Debra A. GoldsteinDepartment of Ophthalmology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

Abstract

Ocular inflammatory disorders disproportionately affect women, and the majority of affected women are of childbearing age. The role of sex or reproductive hormones has been proposed in many other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, and findings from non-ocular autoimmune diseases suggest a complex interaction between sex hormones, genetic factors and the immune system. However, despite the age and sex bias, factors that influence this disparity are complicated and unclear. This review aims to evaluate the gender disparities in prevalence, incidence and severity of the most common infectious and non-infectious ocular inflammatory disorders.

Keywords

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None of the authors have any commercial relationship with regards to the subject of this manuscript. H.N.S., C.C.C., D.U. and A.F.'s work has been supported by the National Eye Institute Intramural Research Program. D.A.G. is supported by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness (NY).

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Gender Disparities in Ocular Inflammatory Disorders*

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Gender Disparities in Ocular Inflammatory Disorders*

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