Use of proton-pump inhibitors and their associated risks among frail elderly nursing home residents

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) and their associated risks among frail elderly nursing home residents. Design. A cross-sectional study. Setting. General practice. Subjects. An assessment of residents (n = 1987, mean age 83.7 years) in all nursing homes in Helsinki was carried out in February 2003. Data included demographic characteristics, symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and constipation, use of various drugs, and medical diagnoses. Outcome. Coded data analysis with NCSS statistical program. Multivariate logistic regression analysis served to determine which variables were independently associated with diarrhea; variables which were statistically significant or near p < 0.05 in univariate analyses were included. Results. Altogether 433 residents were on PPIs. The factors associated with regular PPI use in univariate analyses included poor functional status, higher number of comorbidities, higher number of medications and lactose intolerance. The users had suffered from a prior ventricular or duodenal ulcer, cancer and coronary heart disease more often than the non-users. In accordance with our hypothesis, the users of PPIs more often had diarrhea (19.7%) than the non-users (12.9%) (p < 0.001), and they had a prior hip fracture (28.5%) more often than the non-users (19.4%) (p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis the use of PPIs had an independent association with diarrhea (OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.15). Conclusion. Physicians should avoid unnecessary long-term use of PPIs, particularly among frail elderly long-term care patients.

Key Words::

• Aged
• diarrhea
• family practice
• hip fracture
• proton pump inhibitors
• risks

Acknowledgements

This study is part of a larger study, which the City of Helsinki has organized in order to develop the nutritional care of the elderly nursing home residents. The authors owe their deepest appreciation to the personnel in the nursing homes for their cooperation during the study. They also wish to thank colleagues Lea Veijola and Aino Oksanen for their valuable comments on the manuscript.

Conflict of interests: None.