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Abstract
Nineteen patients with histologically verified midgut carcinoid tumours and liver metastases were included in a prospective study with daily interferon therapy 3 mill IU×m-2 subcutaneously for one year. All had the primary tumour removed at laparotomy, and whenever technically possible, an embolization of the hepatic arteries was performed prior to interferon start. Recombinant human aL-2b interferon from Schering was employed. When interferon was given alone for one year 40% responded, judged from either a 50% reduction in excretion of 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid in the urine or a 50% reduction in the area of the largest liver metastasis, as evaluated by computer tomography. One patient died later on and one withdrew from therapy of her own will; both were responders at the evaluation at 6 months. When prior embolization of the liver arteries had been performed, the response rate was 85 % after one year. When diarrhoea and/or flushing was evaluated, 70% had response on interferon alone, while all patients experienced improvement after the combined procedure. We conclude that interferon is an effective treatment of malignant metastatic midgut carcinoid and that embolization of the liver arteries seems to increase the response rate.