Emerging therapies for the treatment of ungual onychomycosis

Avadhesh KushwahaInstitute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India, ;Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA, and

Reena N. MurthyInstitute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India,

S. Narasimha MurthyInstitute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India, ;Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA, and Correspondence[email protected]

Rania ElkeebDepartment of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

X. HuiDepartment of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Howard I. MaibachDepartment of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Abstract

Introduction: Onychomycosis, a common fungal infection in the finger and toe nails, affects approximately 2–8% of the worldwide population. Fungal infection is more complicated in those who suffer from conditions, such as diabetes, peripheral vascular diseases and compromised immune diseases.

Area covered: Onychomycosis treatment has been classified on the basis of location of infection in the toes and fingers and infectious agents (dermatophytes fungi, yeast and non-dermatophyte molds). In this review, the available therapies (traditional and device based) and their limitations for the treatment of onychomycosis have been discussed.

Expert opinion: The success rate with topical nail products has been minimal. The main reason for this poor success rate could be attributed to the lack of complete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and clinical pharmacokinetic data of drugs in the infected nail apparatus.

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Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Emerging therapies for the treatment of ungual onychomycosis

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