Timekeeping Through Social Contacts: Social Synchronization of Circadian Locomotor Activity Rhythm in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus paria

Abstract

In ant colonies a large proportion of individuals remain inside nests for most of their lives and come out only when necessary. It is not clear how, in a nest of several thousand individuals, information about local time is communicated among members of the colony. Central to this seem to be circadian clocks, which have an intrinsic ability to keep track of local time by entraining to environmental light-dark, temperature, and social cycles. Here, the authors report the results of their study aimed at understanding the role of cyclic social interactions in circadian timekeeping of a day-active species of carpenter ant Camponotus paria. The authors found that daily social interactions with visitors (worker ants) was able to synchronize the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of host worker ants and queens, in one-on-one (pair-wise) and multi-individual (group-wise) interactions. Interestingly, the outcome of cyclic social interactions was context specific; when visitor workers socially interacted with host workers one-on-one, host workers considered the time of interaction as subjective day, but when visitor workers interacted with a group of workers and queens, the hosts considered the time of interaction as subjective night. These results can be taken to suggest that members of the ant species C. paria keep track of local time by socially interacting with workers (foragers) who shuttle in and out of the colony in search of food. (Author correspondence: [email protected])

Keywords:

• Ants
• Camponotus, Circadian rhythm, Entrainment, Locomotor activity, Social time cues
• Synchronization

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Vinod and Madhuvika for helping us with the collection of ant colonies and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, for financial support. We thank three anonymous reviewers and Dr. Sheeba Vasu for carefully reading the manuscript and suggesting improvements.

Declaration of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.