![Sample our Bioscience journals, sign in here to start your access, Latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5925/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Bioscience.jpg"})
Abstract
Similar cellular and molecular mechanisms are responsible for the pathogenesis of transplant rejection and autoimmunity. Recent advances in the studies of lymphocyte activation have shown a requirement for two distinct signals for full activation and development of effector function. The first signal is antigen itself; the second is a nonspecific costimulatory signal, the best example of which is delivered through the CD28 receptor. We and others have shown that blockade of this costimulatory signal can be used as part of strategy to prevent or treat transplant rejection and autoimmune disorders in animal models. This paper will review these findings and discuss their implications for clinical use.