Affirmative Effects of Iloprost on Apoptosis during Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Kidney as a Distant Organ

Abstract

Objective: Apoptosis and its regulatory mechanisms take part in renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury which can result in acute renal failure and the inhibition of the caspase is considered as a new therapeutic strategy. In this context, we investigated the antiapoptotic and cytoprotective effects of iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, in kidney as a distant organ. Methods: Wistar albino rats were randomized into five groups (n = 12 in each) as sham, ischemia, I/R, iloprost (10 μg kg⁻¹), and I/R + iloprost (10 μg kg⁻¹). A 4 h reperfusion procedure was carried out after 4 h of ischemia. Caspase-8 was evaluated for death receptor-induced pathways, whereas caspase-9 was evaluated for mitochondria-dependent pathways and caspase-3 was investigated for overall apoptosis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and nitrite content as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) production were also analyzed in kidney tissues. Results: Caspases-3, -8, and -9 were all significantly elevated in both ischemia and I/R groups compared to the sham group; however, treatment with iloprost reduced caspases-3, -8, and -9. SOD enzyme activity was attenuated by iloprost when compared to ischemic rats. The different effects of NO were found which change according to the present situation in ischemia, I/R, and treatment with iloprost. Conclusions: These findings suggested that iloprost prevents apoptosis in both receptor-induced and mitochondria-dependent pathways in renal I/R injury and it may be considered as a cytoprotective agent for apoptosis. Understanding the efficiency of iloprost on the pathways for cell death may lead to an opportunity in the therapeutic approach for renal I/R injury.

• ischemia–reperfusion
• iloprost
• caspase
• SOD
• nitrite

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research was supported by the Research Foundation of Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey (Grant no. BAP-ECZ F TEB (NC) 2007).

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.