Protective Effect of SnCl₂ on K₂Cr₂O₇-Induced Toxicity in LLC-PK1 Cells

Abstract

The exposure to hexavalent chromium is often known to cause acute renal failure. It has been found that nonenzymatic antioxidants and the induction of heme oxygenase 1 have protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by potassium dichromate in vivo. In this work, the effect of stannous chloride, an inducer of heme oxygenase 1, on potassium dichromate-induced toxicity in proximal tubular epithelial cells was studied. Hexavalent chromium levels, peroxynitrite content, reduced thiol content, heme oxygenase activity, reactive oxygen species production, and stannous chloride scavenging capacity were measured. It was found that stannous chloride protects proximal tubular epithelial cells from potassium dichromate-induced cell death. The decrease in extracellular and intracellular hexavalent chromium concentration, the induction of heme oxygenase 1, and the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite are involved in the mechanism by which stannous chloride protects proximal tubular epithelial cells from potassium dichromate-induced toxicity.

• kidney damage
• heavy metal toxicity
• reactive oxygen species
• stannous chloride
• heme oxygenase

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Ricardo Jasso-Chávez for providing advice with the technique for Cr(VI) and reduced thiol determinations and to Lilian A. Cruz for helping in some experiments.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

This work was supported by Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (PAPIIT-UNAM) IN205310 and IN201910 and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) 47993-M.