Mycophenolate Mofetil in the Treatment of Chronic Non-infectious, Non-necrotizing Scleritis

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness and corticosteroid (CS) sparing capabilities of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the treatment of chronic non-infectious, non-necrotizing scleritis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients treated for scleritis at the Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science at New Jersey Medical School was performed. Only those patients taking MMF for greater than or equal to six consecutive months were included. Main outcome measures were rate of inflammation control, CS, and MMF discontinuation, as well as visual acuity and side effects.

Results: Twenty-two patients (32 eyes) were included in the study. Mean ± SD age was 53.5 ± 13.3 years. Twenty (91%) patients had previously failed some form of immunomodulatory therapy. After 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of consecutive MMF treatment, 91–100% of patients achieved inflammation control. Mean time to resolution of inflammation was 2.8 months, while mean duration of inflammation control was 14.8 months. CS sparing was achieved in 100% of patients at each time point, with mean starting CS dose decreased by 91% at final visit. Vision was stable or improved in 24 (75%) eyes. Fourteen (64%) patients reported side effects including leucopenia (n = 7), gastrointestinal upset (n = 4), abnormal liver function tests (n = 3), and abnormal renal function tests (n = 2). None required hospitalization or medical treatment. Four (18%) patients discontinued MMF due to side effects (n = 3) and treatment ineffectiveness (n = 1).

Conclusion: MMF is an effective and well-tolerated therapy that can successfully reduce inflammation and decrease CS use in the treatment of chronic non-infectious, non-necrotizing scleritis.

Keywords::

• immunomodulators
• inflammation
• mycophenolate mofetil
• scleritis
• uveitis

Declaration of interest: This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness (DSC).