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Abstract
Purpose: Rubella virus (RV) has a central role in the etiopathogenesis of Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS). We aim to offer new insights by comprehensive analysis of recent laboratory and epidemiologic data.
Methods: We conducted a literature search for laboratory data and papers on etiopathogenesis.
Results: Aqueous humour samples of FUS patients show immunoreactivity to RV, in a specific and sensitive manner. Identification of RV genome confirm intraocular infection in a subset of FUS patients. Epidemiologic findings further support causality. The clinical spectrum of RV-associated uveitis is similar but not identical to FUS. FUS eyes exhibit a predominance of CD8 + T cells, high IFN-? and IL-10 levels.
Conclusions: RV is the leading cause of FUS. Cytokine-based findings mirror a viral etiology and chronic low-grade inflammation. RV-associated FUS represents a common pathway of intraocular RV inoculation after congenital or acquired infection. Other causes, including HSV and CMV, may lead to FUS.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and the writing of the paper.