Systemic steroid prophylaxis for cataract surgery in patients with posterior uveitis

Abstract

Cataract remains difficult to manage in patients with uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye due to the high risk of postoperative complications, especially cystoid macular oedema, even in eyes in which inflammation has been completely suppressed preoperatively. A standard regimen of preoperative and perioperative systemic steroid prophylaxis was introduced into the uveitis clinic in order to prevent uveitis-related cystoid macular oedema in the postoperative period. The aim of this study was to assess if this policy resulted in an improvement in the visual recovery. Data from a single consecutive clinical series of 30 extracapsular cataract extraction procedures performed in 24 patients with posterior uveitis were collected retrospectively. Nineteen procedures were performed before and 11 after the introduction of the regimen of steroid prophylaxis. Success was graded according to the Snellen acuity at six months, the number of lines improvement in visual acuity by six months and the time from the operation date for acuity to recover to its best postoperative level. The median visual acuity after six months was 20/30 in the prophylaxis group compared with 20/80 in the controls (p = 0.052), representing a median improvement of five lines in the prophylaxis group and three lines in the controls (not significant). The eyes receiving prophylaxis achieved their best acuity in 1.8 months (median) compared with 5.9 months for the control group (p<0.01). This was not attributable to the longer period of follow-up in the control group and was independent of IOL implantation or the influence of any individual postoperative complication. When pseudophakic eyes were considered in isolation, the median acuity at six months was also better in the prophylaxis group (p = 0.023). The results suggest that preoperative systemic steroid prophylaxis may benefit the patient by hastening postoperative visual recovery independently of IOL implantation

Key Words:

• Cataract extraction
• intraocular lens implantation
• uveitis
• corticosteroid prophylaxis
• management