Vertical Heterophoria and Susceptibility to Visually Induced Motion Sickness

Abstract

Motion sickness is reported to be a common symptom in patients with vertical heterophoria. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between vertical phoria and susceptibility to motion sickness in a nonclinical sample of 43 subjects. Vertical phoria was measured with a Maddox rod after 30 s of occlusion. To evaluate susceptibility to motion sickness, subjects read text while sitting inside a rotating optokinetic drum for 10 min. Subjects rated their level of motion sickness at 1 min intervals during drum rotation and the magnitude of 13 motion sickness symptoms after drum rotation ended. The magnitude of vertical phoria ranged from 0 to 2.13 prism diopters (pd) with a mean of 0.46 pd and correlated significantly with both the maximum rating of motion sickness during drum rotation and the summed symptom score following rotation. A vertical phoria of 0.75 pd discriminated best between subjects with low vs high summed motion sickness symptom scores (p < 0.0001). Introducing a prism to artificially increase the phoria of 12 subjects with vertical phorias <0.75 pd increased motion sickness symptoms in only 1 subject. Prisms that reduced the phoria of subjects with vertical phorias > 0.75 pd reduced motion sickness symptoms in 2 of the 4 subjects tested. The results confirm an association between vertical phoria and motion sickness, but suggest the relationship may not be causal.

Keywords::

• hyperphoria
• hypophoria
• motion sickness
• vertical phoria

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Dr. Bruce Wick for helpful discussions and Dr. Ying-sheng Hu for statistical advice. This study was supported in part by short-term training grant, T35 EY07088, and core-center grant, P30 EY07551, from the National Eye Institute.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.