Biopsychosocial aspects of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Abstract

A majority of women in their reproductive years experience a variety of symptoms premenstrually that can alter behavior and well-being and affect family, friends, and working relationships. Notwithstanding its prevalence, however, research has not yet clarified this inscrutable condition, commonly known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or more severe PMS, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This comprehensive review discusses the diagnosis, epidemiology, symptoms, etiology, and the complex web of biopsychosocial factors that attends PMS.

Keywords::

• Premenstrual syndrome
• premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• biopsychosocial factors

Declaration of Interest: The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific research (C) 18590623 and 21500669, supported a series of PMS/PMDD studies conducted by the authors. The authors state no conflicts of interest.