Antiestrogens reduce plasma levels of endothelin-1 without affecting nitrate levels in breast cancer patients

Abstract

Tamoxifen protects against myocardial infarction through mechanisms that are poorly understood. We studied the effects of tamoxifen and another antiestrogen, toremifene, on the production of vasoconstrictive endothelin-1 and of vasodilatory nitric oxide in 44 postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. These started treatment, in randomized order, with either tamoxifen (20 mg/day; n = 25) or toremifene (40 mg/day; n = 19). Plasma samples collected before treatment and after 6 and 12 months of both regimens were assayed for endothelin-1 with a specific radioimmunoassay and for nitrite/nitrate with a method based on the Griess reaction.

The antiestrogen group as a whole showed a fall in endothelin-1 at 6 months (5.9 ± 3.3%; p = 0.06) (mean ± SE) and at 12 months (7.1 ± 5.5%; p = 0.03). This fall was solely due to toremifene, the use of which was associated with falls in endothelin-1 at 6 months (12.9 ± 4.7%; p = 0.01) and 12 months (9.2 ± 6.2%; p = 0.06). The antiestrogen regimen failed to affect plasma nitric oxide significantly but nevertheless the ratio between nitric oxide and endothelin-1 roseby 31.6 ± 13.3% at 6 months and by 35.6 ± 15.3% at 12 months in the antiestrogen users, an effect similar in the tamoxifen and toremifene groups.

We conclude that antiestrogens may protect against myocardial infarction by preventing the release of endothelin-1 and by shifting the balance between nitric oxide and endothelin-1 to the dominance of the former. Our data predict that toremifene and tamoxifen at the doses studied here will provide similar cardiovascular protection.

Key Words:

• Breast Cancer
• Tamoxifen
• Toremifene
• Endotheun-1
• Nitric Oxide