Recovery in Canada: Toward social equality

Abstract

This article reviews evolution of the recovery paradigm in Canadian mental health. We first trace the origins and development of the recovery concept through the literature, followed by an examination of how the recovery concept has been implemented in national and provincial mental health policy since publication of the 2006 Kirby Commission Report. Based on consultations with Canadian policymakers, and an examination of available policy documents, we explore how the dual theme of ‘recovery’ and ‘well-being’, adopted by the Mental Health Commission of Canada in its 2009 strategy: Toward Recovery and Well-being - A Framework For a Mental Health Strategy has subsequently played out in mental health policymaking at the provincial level. Findings reveal mixed support for recovery as a guiding principle for mental health reform in Canada. While policies in some provinces reflect widespread support for recovery, and strong identification with the aspirations of the consumer movement; other provinces have shifted to population-based, wellness paradigms that privilege evidence-based services and professional expertise. The recognition of social equality for people who experience mental illness emerges as an important value in Canadian mental health policy, cutting across the conceptual divide between recovery and well-being.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Appendix: Current provincial and territorial mental health plans in Canada

Provinces

Government of Alberta (2011)

Creating Connections: Alberta's Addiction and Mental Health Strategy

Government of British Columbia (2010)

Healthy Minds, Healthy People. A 10-Year Plan to Address Mental Health and Substance Use in British Columbia

Government of Manitoba (2011)

Rising to the Challenge. A Strategic Plan for the Mental Health and Well-Being of Manitobans

Government of New Brunswick (2011)

The Action Plan for Mental Health in New Brunswick 2011–2018

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador (2005)

Working Together for Mental Health. A Provincial Policy Framework for Mental Health & Addictions Services in Newfoundland and Labrador and Labrador

Government of Nova Scotia (2004)

Our Peace of Mind. Mental Health Promotion, Prevention and Advocacy Strategy and Framework for Nova Scotia

Government of Ontario (2011)

Open Minds, Healthy Minds. Ontario's Comprehensive Mental Health and Addictions Strategy

Government of Prince Edward Island (2009)

The Path Forward: Prince Edward Island Mental Health Services Strategy

Gouvernement du Québec (2005)

Plan d'action en santé mentale 2005–2010. La force des liens

Government of Saskatchewan (2006)

A Report on the 10-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care and Medical and Diagnostic Equipment Funding

Territories

Government of Northwest Territories (2005)

Mental Health and Addictions Services Framework for Action Status Report. March 2003– April 2005

Government of Yukon Territory (2008)

The Yukon Health Care Review. Final Report.