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Abstract
Purpose: To detect the possible biochemical signs of inflammatory activation in the peripheral circulation in a rodent model of hippocampus irradiation, and to examine the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) in this experimental protocol.
Materials and methods: Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 40 Gy cobalt irradiation of both hemispheres of the hippocampus, with or without GPC treatment (50 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), 5 min before the irradiation, n = 6, each). A third group (n = 6) served as saline-treated control. Blood samples were obtained 3 h after the end of irradiation in order to examine the changes in plasma histamine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10); liver tissue samples were taken to determine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations.
Results: The hepatic ATP levels were significantly declined, while plasma concentrations of circulating TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and histamine were significantly increased after hippocampus irradiation. GPC treatment significantly reduced the irradiation-induced release of cytokines and histamine, and the liver ATP level was maintained at the control value.
Conclusions: Targeted brain irradiation produced measurable pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes in the systemic circulation. GPC supplementation provides significant protection against irradiation-induced peripheral pro-inflammatory activation and ATP depletion.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Csilla Mester, Nikolett Beretka, Edina Markó, Ágnes Lilla Kovács, Gyuláné Boda and Erika Szigeti for their valuable assistance and to Károly Tóth and Kálmán Vas for their excellent work.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
The study was supported by the Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogram (OTKA; Hungarian Science Research Fund) OTKA 75833, OTKA K104656, Társadalmi Megújulás Operatív Program (TÁMOP; Social Renewal Operational Programme) TAMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0012, and Társadalmi Megújulás Operatív Program Konvergencia Régió (TAMOP-KONV; Social Renewal Operational Programme – Regional Convergence) TAMOP-4.2.2A-11/1-KONV -2012-0035.