Change in kinesiophobia and its relation to activity limitation after multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with chronic back pain

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the change in kinesiophobia in relation to activity limitation after a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in patients with chronic back pain. Method: A prospective cohort study was made including 265 patients. Data were collected at baseline, after rehabilitation, and at 6-months follow-up. Outcome measures were the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) and the disability rating index (DRI). The smallest detectable change (SDC) in TSK was set to 8 scores. Relationships between kinesiophobia and activity limitation/physical ability were explored with regard to subgroups with high, medium and low baseline TSK scores, and for those patients who did or did not reach the SDC in TSK. Results: Improvements in TSK showed high effect sizes in the groups with high and medium baseline TSK scores. Improvements in DRI showed medium effect sizes in all three TSK subgroups. One third of the patients reached the SDC in TSK, and this group also improved significantly more in DRI. The correlation between change in TSK and change in DRI was low. Half of the patients with high TSK score at baseline remained having high DRI at follow-up. Conclusions: Improvement in physical ability was not related to the initial degree of kinesiophobia but to the SDC in TSK. To prevent patients with high kinesiophobia from preserving high activity limitations, it might be useful to include targeted treatment of kinesiophobia.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation decreases kinesiophobia and activity limitation in patients with chronic back pain.

• Patients improving >8 scores on the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia are likely to increase their physical ability.

• Patients with an initially high degree of kinesiophobia as well as a high level of activity limitation need targeted treatment of kinesiophobia to increase their physical ability.

Keywords::

• Activity
• back pain
• fear-avoidance
• fear of movement
• kinesiophobia

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.