Factors affecting anxiety in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Purpose: Anxiety is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Little is known about the factors related to anxiety. The aim was to identify factors associated with the presence of anxiety. Methods: This was a cohort study. Participants were sent questionnaires to measure factors potentially related to anxiety. The factors included disability, depression, self-efficacy, locus of control, general stress, psychological distress and factors specific to MS. Participants with significant levels of anxiety, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), were compared to those who were not anxious. Results: Of the 157 participants who took part, 89 (57%) were clinically anxious. Participants who were anxious had a lower level of self-efficacy (p < 0.001), higher level of disability (p < 0.001), higher level of depression (p < 0.001) and higher level of stress (p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that experiencing depression (χ² = 5.05, OR = 1.32, p < 0.05) was the only factor that significantly predicted whether someone was anxious or not, accounting for 46% of the variance. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of anxiety in people with MS. Depression, low levels of self-efficacy, disability and stress increased the likelihood of experiencing anxiety.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• Anxiety and depression are common in people with multiple sclerosis.

• It is important to identify people experiencing anxiety as it can affect their ability to engage in rehabilitation.

• Peoples’ perception of their disability can have a significant impact on mood.

• Rehabilitation programmes should incorporate ways of raising peoples’ self-efficacy.

Keywords::

• Anxiety
• depression
• multiple sclerosis

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Prof Cris Constantinescu for assistance with recruiting participants.

Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.