Home-based psychoeducational and mailed information programs for stroke-caregiving dyads post-discharge: a randomized trial

Abstract

Purpose: This randomized trial compared 6- and 12-month outcomes of a home-based psychoeducational program to mailed information provided to 159 survivors of stroke (SS) and their spousal caregivers (CG). Methods: SS (age 50+) and CG were recruited as dyads post-discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. All dyads received mailed information for 12 months. Dyads randomized to the home-based group received an average of 36.7 h of psychoeducation over 6 months. Health status, depression, stress, burden, coping, support, mutuality and function were obtained on all dyads. Repeated measures analysis with linear mixed models was used to compare the groups for change over time in the outcome variables. Results: Both groups demonstrated less depression and stress over time. Compared to the mailed information group, SS in the home-based group demonstrated significantly improved self-reported health and cognitive function; CG demonstrated significantly improved self-reported health and coping strategies. Mutuality and social support decreased in both groups. Conclusions: The home-based intervention was effective in improving self-reported health, coping skills in CG and cognitive functioning in SS. However, the finding that dyads in both groups demonstrated decreased depression and stress suggests that providing repeated doses of relevant, personalized information by mail may result in positive changes.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• A stroke affects both the stroke survivor and the spousal caregiver, so nurses and therapists should use multicomponent strategies to provide education, support, counseling and linkages to community resources to ease the transition from hospital to home.

• Stroke may have a negative impact on the dyad’s relationship with each other and also on the availability of support people in their lives during the 12 months after hospital discharge. Comprehensive stroke programs should encourage dyads to attend support groups and to seek individual and group counseling, as needed.

• Establishing an ongoing relationship with stroke survivors and their spouses and providing relevant and engaging information by mail can reduce stress and depression over 12 months post-discharge at a minimal cost.

• Nurses and therapists should consider home visits post-discharge to reinforce education and skills taught in the hospital, increase self-reported health in stroke survivors and spousal CG, increase coping skills and to link the couple to community resources.

• Caregivers
• coping
• health status
• stroke

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the project recruiter, Celia H. Schulz, PhD, OTR; data collector, Karen Janssen, MSN, RN; psychology consultant, Susan Robinson-Whelen, PhD; and quantitative methodologist, Paul R. Swank, PhD.

Declarations of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

This study was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Nursing Research (R01, NR005316, Sharon K. Ostwald, PI). Additional funding was provided by the Isla Carroll Turner Friendship Trust, Houston, Texas.