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Abstract
A patient with relapsing, chemotherapy resistant, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was treated with 13-cis retinoic acid (RA), an agent known to induce differentiation and maturation of APL cells. After one week of daily oral treatment maturing myeloid cells appeared in the peripheral blood smear and after two months the patient achieved complete remission. Since then the remission has been maintained for more than two years with rotating 13-cis-RA and mild chemotherapy. Based on the experience in this single patient, 13-cis-RA should be applied in the treatment of relapsing APL in countries where the more potent all-trans derivative of RA is not available. The use of RA in the treatment of newly diagnosed APL deserves further consideration.