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Abstract
The observation of more frequent leukemias in immune deficiencies of the non-HLA restricted cytotoxic cell system and the participation of this system in the antileukemic effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) indicate that these cells play a role in the immune surveillance against AML. The demonstrated susceptibility of fresh AML cells to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells in vitro has triggered trials attempting to modulate the non-HLA-restricted cytotoxic cells in vivo in AML during the blastic phase as well as during complete remission. The relationships between AML and the non-specific cytotoxic cells and the potential modulation of these cells for the therapy of this disease are reviewed.