New Avenues in Antihypertensive Drug Treatment

Abstract

After a brief synopsis of the classical antihypertensive drugs a survey is given of the newer therapeutics, such as calcium antagonists, ACE-inhibitors and α₁-adrenoceptor antagonists. Experimental drugs, such as imidazoline receptor agonists, renin inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, α₂-adrenoceptor antagonists, potassium channel openers, ketanserin, endopeptidase inhibitors, and hybrid (multifactorial) drugs are discussed, with special attention for their modes of action. In spite of the ever increasing number of antihypertensive drugs and principles, the large scale of clinical evidence for a beneficial effect of long-term treatment (in particular with respect to protection against stroke) remains limited to diuretics and β-blockers. In spite of this limitation it seems worthwhile to consider the newer antihypertensive drugs as well, especially for optimal treatment of the individual patient. The newer drugs may in particular offer special advantages in the presence of concomitant diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, angina pectoris or congestive heart failure.

Key Words:

• antihypertensive drugs
• angiotensin II-receptor antagonists
• imidazoline receptor agonists
• endopeptidase inhibitors
• hybrid antihypertensive drugs