Nanoemulgel (NEG) of Ketoprofen with eugenol as oil phase for the treatment of ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the novel study was to check the efficacy of a locally applied 2%w/w nanoemulgel (NEG) of Ketoprofen (KP) in preventing the periodontitis, and was also checked NEG without KP to ensure the effect of eugenol in NEG as an oil phase.

Design: For experimentally induced periodontitis, sterile silk ligatures (3/0) were placed around the crevices of the first left lower molar teeth of the male Wistar rats. During 8 weeks, all rats were fed with 10%w/v sucrose solution. The experimental assessment was carried out at 11 d after treatment of experimental periodontal disease (EPD) rats by various clinical parameters like gingival index (GI), tooth mobility (TM), alveolar bone loss (ABL), histological analysis, detection of TNF-α, and IL-1β in gingival tissue by ELISA and the roughness were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping modes.

Results: After treatment, comparison studies with EPD were performed. NEG loaded with KP prevents significantly (p < 0.05) various parameters (GI, TM, and ABL), which were responsible for periodontitis. The histopathology of the periodontium showed that Group 3 (NEG loaded with KP) had a more significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar bones resorption, and cementum (p < 0.05). In the topographical images, significant reduction in roughness of NEG loaded with KP was observed in comparison with EPD without treatment.

Conclusion: The study revealed the great synergistic potential of the combined NEG of an anti-inflammatory drug KP along with eugenol as the oil phase, which have potential antibacterial, analgesic, and anesthetic properties to combat periodontal disease.

Keywords:

• Atomic force microscopy
• eugenol
• Ketoprofen
• nanoemulgel
• periodontitis

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Council for Scientific and industrial Research (CSIR) New Delhi, India, files number (09/591(0130)/2012), for providing Senior Research Fellowship (SRF). The authors are grateful to Gattefosse (France) for providing the gift samples of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. The authors are also thankful to Matrix Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, India, for providing the gift sample of drug and Central Instrumental Facility (CIF) Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India for carry out the present research work.

Declaration of interest

The authors report that they have no conflicts of interest.