A Prospective Study of the Effects of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA Polymorphism and Impulsivity on Smoking Initiation

Abstract

This study tested whether DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotype predicted smoking initiation and subsequent use, and effects were mediated by sensation seeking and negative urgency. Between 2009 and 2012, college never smokers (n = 387) completed six assessments over 15 months; those who reported smoking were classified as initiators. Logistic regression indicated that the A1 allele was associated with initiation (p = .003). This effect was partially mediated by sensation seeking and negative urgency. Effects were stronger in Asian Americans. Findings have implications for improving prevention by including elements focused on urges to seek positive or negative reinforcement. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract: Cette étude vérifié si le génotype TaqIA DRD2/ANKK1 prédit initiation de fumer et l'utilisation ultérieure et effets ont été véhiculées par la recherche de sensation et de l'urgence négatif. Entre le 2009–12, Collège jamais des fumeurs (n = 387) terminé 6 évaluations en 15 mois; ceux qui ont déclaré fumer ont été classés comme initiateurs. Régression logistique a indiqué que l'allèle A1 était associée de l'initiation (p = .003). Cet effet a été partiellement médié par la recherche de sensation et de l'urgence négatif. Les effets ont été plus fortes dans les Américains d'origine asiatique. Résultats ont des implications pour l'amélioration de la prévention en y incluant des éléments sur demande instamment à rechercher le renforcement positif ou négatif. On discute des limitations et des orientations futures.

RESUMEN

Abstract: Este estudio probado si DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotipo predijo iniciación de fumar y posterior uso y efectos fueron mediadas por sensación buscando y urgencia negativo. Entre 2009–12, Colegio nunca fumadores (n = 387) completó 6 evaluaciones en 15 meses; quienes reportaron fumar fueron clasificados como iniciadores. Regresión logística indicó que el alelo A1 se asoció con iniciación (p = .003). Este efecto fue parcialmente mediado por sensación buscando y urgencia negativo. Los efectos fueron más fuertes en asiático-americanos. Resultados tienen implicaciones para mejorar la prevención mediante la inclusión de elementos se centró en insta a buscar el refuerzo positivo o negativo. Se discuten las limitaciones y las direcciones futuras.

Keywords :

• tobacco
• smoking initiation
• TaqIA
• sensation seeking
• negative urgency
• impulsivity

THE AUTHORS

Neal Doran received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Illinois, Chicago, in 2006 and is currently Assistant Professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. His research centers on behavioral and biological predictors of transitions between stages of substance use, with a particular focus on tobacco.

Amanda Schweizer is a doctoral candidate in the San Diego State University/University of California Joint Doctoral Program. Her dissertation topic and research interests lie in young adult smoking, particularly light or occasional smoking and tobacco and alcohol co-use.

Mark Myers, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego and Associate Director of the National Tobacco Cessation Clinical Resource Center at the San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. His clinical and research interests include smoking cessation, smoking cessation among individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders and the relationship between cigarette smoking and alcohol and other drug use. His research on tobacco use has been funded by NIAAA, NIDA and the California Tobacco-related Disease Research Program.

Tiffany Greenwood received her Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of California, San Diego, in 2002 and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at UCSD. Her research focuses on genetic and genomic studies of psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this capacity, she currently participates in a number of local and international collaborations, including the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS), the NIMH Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS), and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC).