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Original Article

Randomized Trial on Mindfulness Training for Smokers Targeted to a Disadvantaged Population

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Pages 571-585 | Published online: 11 Mar 2014
 

Abstract

We report the results of a randomized trial comparing a novel smoking cessation treatment Mindfulness Training for Smokers (MTS) to a usual care therapy (Controls), which included the availability of a tobacco quit line and nicotine patches. Data were collected from 196 low socioeconomic status smokers in 2010–2011 in Madison, Wisconsin. Participants were randomized to either MTS or a telephonic quit line. The primary outcome was 6-month smoking abstinence measured by carbon monoxide breath testing and Time-Line Follow-Back. Among treatment initiators (randomized participants who participated in the intervention), abstinence rates were significantly different between the MTS (38.7%) and control (20.6%, p = .05) groups. Study limitations are also discussed. Results suggest that further study is warranted.

THE AUTHORS

James M. Davis, MD, is a physician of Internal Medicine and Assistant Professor at the Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is Director of the Meriter Hospital Smoking Cessation Program and the University of Wisconsin Tobacco Scholars Program. Dr Davis has practiced meditation for 20 years and medicine for 10 years, and is principally interested in how meditation and mindfulness can help those with medical illnesses. He now conducts research full time on mindfulness and smoking cessation under the guidance of Drs Timothy B. Baker, Michael Fiore, and Richard Davidson.

Simon B. Goldberg, BA, is a doctoral student in the Department of Counseling Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His primary research interest is in psychotherapy, with a special interest in mindfulness-based interventions. In addition to research on mindfulness and addiction, he is involved in projects at the Center for Investigating Healthy Minds at University of Wisconsin-Madison's Waisman Center, incorporating mindfulness practices into public education. He conducts research under the direction of Drs William Hoyt, Bruce Wampold, Lisa Flook, and Richard Davidson.

Maggie C. Anderson, BS, is currently a medical student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health. She worked as the study coordinator for the Mindfulness Training for Smokers research study from 2010 to 2011 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and was also a University of Wisconsin-Madison Tobacco Science Scholar under the supervision of Dr James Davis.

Alison R. Manley, BA, holds a Bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and is the study coordinator of the Mindfulness Training for Smokers laboratory at the Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention in Madison, Wisconsin. She has been involved in projects at the Wisconsin Center for Education Research and the Wisconsin Study of Families and Work, and has research interests on mood disorders, addiction, and cognitive processes. She intends to become a practicing psychotherapist.

Stevens S. Smith, Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health. In addition, he has been a clinical investigator at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (UW-CTRI) since 1992. After completing his Ph.D. in psychology in 1990 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dr Smith completed a research fellowship at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Addiction Research Center (ARC) in Baltimore, Maryland. At the ARC, he conducted psychological and molecular genetic research on vulnerability to addiction. At UW-CTRI, Dr Smith has been involved in numerous studies investigating behavioral and medication treatments for nicotine dependence, measurement of nicotine withdrawal and dependence, development of culturally appropriate smoking cessation treatment for American Indian smokers, and efficacy of telephone tobacco quit lines. In addition to conducting clinical research, Dr Smith maintains an outpatient clinical practice as a licensed psychologist.

Timothy B. Baker, Ph.D., is Professor of Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health and the Director of Research at UW-CTRI since its inception in 1992. Dr Baker is the principal investigator on a Transciplinary Tobacco Use Research (TTURC) grant that began in 2004 and served as the senior scientist on the panel that produced the US Public Health Service's Clinical Practice Guideline: Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence in 2008. He is particularly interested in motivational factors in addiction and has published multiple papers on the subject. Dr Baker is the former Editor of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology and a recipient of the James M. Cattell Award from the American Psychological Society.

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