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Abstract
This longitudinal study, funded by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health, explored gender differences in predictors of parental servings of alcohol to youth and youth drunkenness. Data were collected from 1,752 Swedish 7th-grade youth and their parents, at three occasions between 2007 and 2010. Measurements included youth alcohol use, parental warmth, and parental control. Two-level logistic regressions showed that 15-year-old girls are more likely to be served alcohol at home compared to boys, and that there are some gender differences in predictors of drunkenness. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed and areas for future research identified.
THE AUTHORS
Anna K. Strandberg, MSc, is a doctoral student in the Department of Public Health Sciences at the Karolinska Institutet and has a background in psychology and education. Her research interests include childhood, adolescence, parenting, alcohol and prevention.
Maria C. Bodin, PhD, has a background in psychology and is currently at the National Board of Health and Welfare, Sweden. Her research mainly includes studies on substance use and prevention programs for adolescents.
Anders Romelsjö is professor emeritus in the Department of Public Health Sciences at the Karolinska Institutet and also at Stockholm University. His research has included studies in alcohol and drug epidemiology, evaluation of prevention, policy, and treatment. He has been assistant editor at Addiction and Alcohol and Alcoholism.
GLOSSARY
Alcohol-Specific Parenting: parenting with the aim to re- duce and/or delay underage drinking.
Longitudinal Study: Research study that involves repeated measurement occasions.
Parental Control: A measure of parental rule-setting. Based on five items (e.g., Do you need to have your parents’ permission to stay out late on weekday evenings).
Parental Servings of Alcohol to Youth: defined as being served alcohol by parents at home (including a sip from parents’ own glasses).
Parental Warmth: A measure of the parent–youth relation- ship quality. Based on six items (e.g., “They always show how proud they are of me”).
Randomized Trial/Cluster-Randomized Trial: Research study where participants are randomly allocated to study conditions. In the present study, schools (clusters) were the unit of randomization.
Strict Parental Attitude Toward Youth Drinking: defined as the opinion that “…a 13-year old is way too young to drink alcohol at all…”
Two-Level/Multilevel Regression: Data organized at more than one level (in the present study, individual level data nested at school level) requires analyses that take the clustering of data into account.
Youth Drunkenness Onset: defined as ever having drunk alcohol to the point of feeling drunk.
Youth Frequent Drunkenness: defined as having drunk al- cohol to the point of feeling drunk, 2–8 times (or more) during the last 4 weeks.