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Original Article

The Rules of Drug Taking: Wine and Poppy Derivatives in the Ancient World. III. Wine as an Instrument of Aggressive Behavior and of Ritual Madness

Pages 361-367 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Wine-induced facilitation of aggressive behavior was well known by the Ancients but, being considered a sign of cowardice, its exploitation on the battlefield was attributed to barbarians only. Aspects of drinking behavior considered particularly negative, such as drinking undiluted wine or getting drunk, were also attributed to barbarians. Drunkenness was, however, condoned during Dionysian feasts, when wine became, along with dance, the instrument of enthusiasm, the possession by the god. Similarities between Dionysian feasts and Sciamanic rites are discussed.

RESUMEN

Los antiguos sabían muy bien que el vino favorecía el desencadenamiento de la agresividad. Sin embargo, la eplotación de estos efectos en el campo de batalla era juzgada como un signo de cobardía, perteneciente al mundo barbárico. Asimismo, se atribuía a las costrumbes barbáricas culquier búsqueda de la ebriedad alcohólica, echo que subraya una vez más su significado negativo en el mundo grecorromano. Sin embargo, le ebriedad alcohólica se toleraba en las fiestas dionisíacas; en estas ocasiones el vino, junto a la danza, era el instrumento del entusiasmo, la posesión por parte de el dios. Finalmente, se analizan las analogías entre fiestas dionisíacas y ritos mágicos.

RÉSUMÉ

Les anciens étaient parfaitement conscients du fait que le vin facilite les comportements agressifs. Profiter de cet effet sur le champ de bataille était cependant consideré comme un signe de laˇcheté relégué au monde barbare. Dans tous les cas la recherche de l'ivresse était attribuée aux barbares et cela souligne ultérieurement la perception négative qu l'ivresse avait dans le mond gréco-romain. Toutefois, elle était acceptée pendant les fětes dionysiaques, où le vin, avec la dance, devenait l'instrument de l'enthousiasme, de la possession de la part du dieu. L'analogie entre les dionysiaques et les rites chamaniques est discutée.

RIASSUNTO

Gli Antichi erano ben consapevoli della facilitazione del comportamento aggressivo ad opera del vino. Lo sfruttamento di tale effetto sul campo di battaglia era tuttavia considerato segno di codardia e relegato nel mondo barbarico. In ogni caso la ricerca dello stato di ubriachezza era attribuita ai barbari e ciò sottolinea ulteriormente il significato negativo che l'ebrezza alcolica aveva nel mondo greco-romano. L'ubriachezza veniva tuttavia condonata durante le feste dionisiache, dove il vino, assieme alla danza, diveniva lo strumento dell'entusiamso, la possessione da parte del dio. La somiglianza tra feste dionisiache e riti sciamanici è discussa.

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