Feasibility of haloperidol-anchored albumin nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin as dry powder inhaler for pulmonary delivery

Abstract

Haloperidol (Hal) is a ligand that can target sigma 2 receptors over-expressed in non-small cell lung cancer. Hal targeted nanoparticles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared for pulmonary delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The conjugation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopic methods. Nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method from BSA–Hal and were loaded with DOX. They were characterized for their morphology, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and release efficiency. The optimized nanoparticles were spray-dried using trehalose, l-leucin and mannitol as dry powder inhaler (DPI) in different inlet temperatures between 80 and 120 °C. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized for their aerodynamic diameter, specific surface area (cm²/g) and fine particle fraction (FPF) by a Cascade Impactor device. The optimized nanoparticles showed particle size of 218 nm, zeta potential of −25.4 mV, drug entrapment efficiency of 89% and release efficiency of 56% until 2 h. After spray drying of these nanoparticles, the best results were obtained from mannitol with an inlet temperature of 80 °C which produced a mean aerodynamic diameter of 4.58 μm, FPF of 66% and specific surface area of 6302.99 cm²/g. The obtained results suggest that the designed DPI could be a suitable inhaler for targeted delivery of DOX in pulmonary delivery.

• Albumin nanoparticles
• doxorubicin
• DPI
• haloperidol
• sigma 2 receptors

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Vice Chancellery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences that supported this work. The technical assistance of Mr Firooz Mardani, Dr Farzin Firoozian and Dr Nabi Maybody is appreciated.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.