Application of Design Expert for the investigation of capsaicin-loaded microemulsions for transdermal delivery

Abstract

Our previous study reported that the Design Expert® Software showed a beneficial role in the development of microemulsions (ME) for transdermal drug delivery. To fully confirm the reproducibility and the reliability of simultaneous optimal ME formulations, the optimal ME formulations predicted by the Design Expert® Software were experimentally formulated and verified for their skin permeability. Ternary phase diagrams were used to predict the optimal ME area, and the ME formulations selected from outside this area were considered as candidate ME systems. Our ME systems were formulated with isopropyl myristate (IPM) as the oil phase, cocamide diethanolamine (DEA) as the surfactant, ethanol as a co-surfactant and water as the aqueous phase. The droplet size, size distribution, electrical conductivity, pH, drug content and skin permeability of the candidate ME systems were monitored. Our findings indicated that the skin permeability of the optimal ME and all of the candidate ME formulations was significantly greater than that of the commercial capsaicin (CAP) product. Our study succeeded in predicting and developing the ME systems for the transdermal delivery of CAP. The simplex lattice design used in this study is experimentally useful for the development of pharmaceutical formulations.

• Capsaicin
• cocamide diethanolamine
• Design Expert
• microemulsions
• simplex lattice design

Declaration of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Thailand Research Funds through the Basic Research Grant (Grant No. 5680016), the Silpakorn University Research and Development Institute (Grant No. SURDI 58/01/10), the Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, and the Bangkoklab and Cosmetics Co., Ltd, Ratchaburi, Thailand, for the facilities and financial support.