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Abstract
Context: Urinary biomarkers are promising as simple alternatives to cystoscopy for the diagnosis of de novo and recurrent bladder cancer.
Objective: To identify a highly sensitive and specific biomarker candidate set with potential clinical utility in bladder cancer.
Materials and methods: Urinary biomarker concentrations were determined by ELISA. The performance of individual markers and marker combinations was assessed using ROC analysis.
Results: A five-biomarker panel (IL8, MMP9, VEGFA, PTGS2 and EN2) was defined from the candidate set.
Discussion and conclusion: This panel showed a better overall performance than the best individual marker. Further validation studies are needed to evaluate its clinical utility in bladder cancer.
Declaration of interest
This work has been supported in part by the European Commission Program DIPROMON – HEALTH-F5-2012-306157-2: Development of an integrated protein- and cell-based device for non-invasive diagnostics in the urogenital tract. The authors report no declarations of interest.