Comparison of calibrated and uncalibrated bone mineral density by CT to DEXA in menopausal women

ABSTRACT

Objectives Coronary artery disease and osteoporosis increase in women after menopause. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the heart used to evaluate coronary arterial calcification include images of the thoracic vertebrae. The utility of using these images to assess bone health in women remains to be defined. Analyses of thoracic spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) from CT scans of the heart were performed to determine how specific calibration affects the ability to assess vBMD in recently menopausal women and to evaluate how vBMD relates to areal bone mineral density (aBMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Methods Women (n = 111) enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) at Mayo Clinic underwent a CT scan of the heart that included calibration phantoms and a DEXA of the lumbar spine. The Spine Cancer Assessment program was used to determine vBMD of thoracic vertebrae with and without the calibration correction.

Results Trabecular bone vBMD at T8 averaged 163.57±28.58 and 157.94±27.55 mg/cc (mean±standard deviation, SD) for calibrated and uncalibrated values, respectively. The relationship between calibrated and uncalibrated measures approached unity (R = 0.98). Lumbar spine (L2–4) aBMD was 1.19±0.16 g/cm² (mean±SD). Both calibrated and uncalibrated thoracic vBMD correlated positively and significantly with lumbar aBMD, but the relationship was less than unity (R = 0.63).

Conclusion Uncalibrated measures of thoracic spine vBMD obtained from CT scans of the heart may provide clinically relevant information about bone health and osteoporosis/osteopenia risk in recently menopausal women.

Key words::

• COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
• THORACIC VERTEBRAE
• LUMBAR SPINE
• VOLUMETRIC BONE MINERAL DENSITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

As authors, we gratefully acknowledge all participants in this study and KEEPS study coordinator, Teresa G. Zais (Mayo Clinic center). Dr Miyabara is a visiting scientist from the Tokyo Women's Medical University.

Conflict of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Source of funding This work was supported by a grant from Aurora Foundation to the Kronos Longevity Research Institute, 1 UL1 RR024150 from the NCRR, a component of the NIH, and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research and The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Information on NCRR is available at www.ncrr.nih.gov/. Information on Reengineering the Clinical Research Enterprise can be obtained from http://nihroad map.nih.gov.