Menopausal symptoms appear before the menopause and persist 5 years beyond: a detailed analysis of a multinational study

Abstract

Objective Few Latin American studies have described menopausal symptoms in detail by means of a standardized assessment tool. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and their impact over quality of life among mid-aged Latin American women.

Method In this cross-sectional study, 8373 otherwise healthy women aged 40–59 years from 12 Latin American countries were asked to fill out the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and a questionnaire containing personal sociodemographic data. Menopause status (pre-, peri- and postmenopausal) was defined according to the criteria of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop.

Results Of all the studied women, 90.9% had at least one menopausal symptom (complaint) that they rated. Muscle and joint discomfort, physical and mental exhaustion and depressive mood were highly prevalent and rated as severe–very severe (scores of 3 and 4), at a higher rate than vasomotor symptoms (15.6%, 13.8% and 13.7% vs. 9.6%, respectively). Of premenopausal women (40–44 years), 77.0% reported at least one rated complaint, with 12.9% displaying MRS scores defined as severe (> 16). The latter rate increased to 26.4% in perimenopausal, 31.6% in early postmenopausal and 29.9% among late postmenopausal women. As measured with the MRS, the presence of hot flushes increased the risk of impairment of overall quality of life in both premenopausal (odds ratio 12.67; 95% confidence interval 9.53–16.83) and peri/postmenopausal women (odds ratio 9.37; 95% confidence interval 7.85–11.19).

Conclusion In this large, mid-aged, female Latin American series, muscle/joint discomfort and psychological symptoms were the most prevalent and severely rated menopausal symptoms. The symptoms appear early in the premenopause, significantly impair quality of life and persist 5 years beyond the menopause.

Key words::

• MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS
• MENOPAUSE
• MENOPAUSE RATING SCALE
• LATIN AMERICA

Conflicts of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest and are responsible alone for the content and writing of this paper.

Source of funding Nil.

Appendix: Participating countries, investigators and cities

Argentina: Monique Royer (Buenos Aires); Bolivia: Maria T. Espinoza (Cochabamba), Desire Mostajo (Santa Cruz), and Edwin Soto (Cochabamba); Chile: Juan E. Blümel (Santiago de Chile), Daniel Flores (Santiago de Chile), and Maria S. Vallejo (Santiago de Chile); Colombia: German Baron (Bogota), Gustavo Gomez (Cali), Alvaro Monterrosa (Cartagena), and William Onatra (Bogota), Cuba: Daysi Navarro (La Habana); Dominican Republic: Ascanio Bencosme (Santiago de los Caballeros); Ecuador: Peter Chedraui (Guayaquil), Andres Calle (Quito), and Patricia Leon-Leon (Guayaquil); Mexico: Jose A. Hernandez-Bueno (Mexico, DF); Panama: Konstantinos Tserotas (Panama); Peru: Luis Danckers (Lima), Eliana Ojeda (Cuzco), Humberto Izaguirre (Lima), and Edward Mezones-Holguin (Piura); Uruguay: Selva Lima (Montevideo); Venezuela: Emma Belzares (Caracas).