Neuropharmacological activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Colocasia esculenta

Abstract

Context: Although Colocasia esculenta Linn. (Araceae), commonly known as elephant ear (English), possesses diverse pharmacological activities in animals, little is known about its neuropharmacological activity.

Objective: The present study evaluated the neuropharmacological activities of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Colocasia esculenta (HECE) using several experimental models.

Materials and methods: Adult Wistar albino rats were subjected to behavior despair and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Thiopental-induced sedation and rotarod tests were conducted on Swiss albino mice.

Results and discussion: The effects of HECE on anxiety, depression, thiopental-induced sleeping time, and rotarod performance were evaluated. The anxiolytic activity of HECE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) per os (p.o.) was characterized by increased time spent and number of entries in open arms in the EPM paradigm as compared to control group (p < 0.001). The HECE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed dose-dependent significant reduction in duration of immobility (p < 0.01) in the behavior despair test. The HECE at the doses 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. was found to produce a significant reduction in motor coordination (p < 0.001) and prolongation of thiopental-induced sleeping time (p < 0.001). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, β-sitosterol, and steroids.

Conclusions: The results of the study for the first time show that the plant possesses neuropharmacological activity, confirming the traditional claims. Future research should focus on the identification and the neurobehavioral activity of the constituents from this plant.

Keywords::

• Anxiety
• behavior despair test
• Colocasia esculenta
• depression
• elevated plus maze
• motor coordination
• neuropharmacology

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Head, Department of Pharma-ceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India for providing the facilities during the course of this study. Special thanks to Professor P. Parmar, Botanical Survey of India for identification and authentication of the plant. A gift sample of imipramine by Torrent, Gandhinagar, India is gratefully acknowledged.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.